What material is used to construct the nests of Paper Wasps?

Paper wasps construct their nests primarily using wood pulp. They gather wood fibers from decaying or weathered wood, as well as from other plant materials, and mix these fibers with their saliva to create a papery substance. This material is then molded into the distinctive umbrella-shaped nests that paper wasps are known for. The nests are typically built in sheltered locations, such as under eaves, on branches, or inside attics.

The choice of wood pulp is significant because it provides the necessary strength and durability for the nest structure while allowing for flexibility in construction. The nests serve as a critical environment for raising their young and provide protection from the elements and predators. Other materials like plastic, clay, and straw do not replicate the needed properties of wood pulp for this purpose.