What do newer carbamate insecticides primarily affect?

Newer carbamate insecticides primarily affect the nervous system. These compounds work by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. When this enzyme is inhibited, it leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine, causing continuous stimulation of the nerve endings. This overstimulation can result in a wide variety of symptoms, including paralysis and death in insects.

Understanding the mechanism of action is crucial for recognizing the utility and potential risks associated with carbamate insecticides. They are specifically designed to target and disrupt the normal functioning of the nervous system in pests, which is why they are effective as insecticides. This targeting is what differentiates them from other classes of chemicals that may influence different bodily systems, like the digestive or respiratory systems.